Stinging nettle was found to interfere with blood-thinning drugs, diuretics, blood pressure drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, alpha-blockers, and finasteride. Betel nut seems to affect certain chemicals in the brain and other parts of the central nervous system. Five studies comprising a total of 10,562 CKD patients and 34,038 subjects without CKD that analyzed the relationship between betel nut chewing and CKD were included in our study; all the included studies were performed in Taiwan. WebBay leaf tea is proven to be beneficial for kidneys and stomach remedies. It usually goes something like this: Why are you recommending Nettle leaf when its dangerous for people with kidney disease? And I guess there are two answers to that question. In the case of boiled beets, they contain 675 mg of oxalate. Huang YC, Geng JH, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC, Chang JM, Chen HC. Numerous studies have shown that Nettle leaf can cause a significant reduction in inflammation, shown both by a reduction in levels of various inflammatory cytokines within the body and a reduction in inflammatory related pain in conditions like arthritis. They are written in an easily understood language, so that all users get the most out of it. One cup of raw greens can range from 5-60 calories with 1-4 grams of fiber. View abstract. PLoS One 2018;13(10):e0206383. Yield: about 1/2 cup WebBackground: Betel-nut use is associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. When making your Nettle leaf tea, add one teaspoon to boiling water and drink one to two cups a day. Are they both protective in ulcerative colitis? Green tea Accessibility Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software; the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the stability of drawn conclusion. 'Betelmania'. Betel This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Hunan.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. Before Betel Leaf Make a paste with tender betel leaves and apply it to the affected area. The program includes a variety of cookbooks and ebooks. Clinically, betel nut can play a certain pharmacology role and was used in malaria, ascariasis, arthritis, enterozoic abdominalgia, stagnation of food, diarrhea, edema, and beriberi. Borage (leaf) Buchu (leaf) Coriander (leaf) Evening Primrose. 13. They give specific advice on the assessment of your health, understanding the results of your tests, and creating a personalized treatment and diet plan for you. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(5):1153-1160. View abstract. Epstein, R. J., Leung, T. W., and Cheung, P. S. Panmucositis and chemosensitisation associated with betel quid chewing during dose-dense adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. PLoS One. The Benefits of Nettle Leaf in Renal Disease 9 Vegetables That Are Good For Your Kidneys SelfHacked has the strictest sourcing guidelines in the health industry and we almost exclusively link to medically peer-reviewed studies, usually on PubMed. After the adjustment for covariates, the combined adjusted ORs showed that betel nut used had 1.44 times higher risk to develop CKD compared with non-chewers (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.08-1.92). Our team comprises of trained MDs, PhDs, pharmacists, qualified scientists, and certified health and wellness specialists. View abstract. 2021. Epub 2009 Feb 26. Before you continue, you may want to watch this video by Review Vid on YouTube that gives a quick review. WebBetel nut is used for schizophrenia, a group of eye disorders that can lead to vision loss ( glaucoma ), poor digestion, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific This thorough review will go over all you need to know about the program, from the way it operates to the benefits and cost. Researchers believe the protective effect is due to Nettle inhibiting renal damage, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Betel quid chewing by Cambodian women in the United States and its potential health effects. Used in small amounts for seasoning, herbs are not a significant source of nutrients. Neuroscience 1987;22(Suppl):S539. Vasodilators relax the muscles of the blood vessels, helping them widen and therefore lower blood pressure. 19). Cimolai N and Cimolai T. Severe iron deficiency anemia and gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with ingestion of pan masala. Recommended Reading: What Does Kidney Enhancement Mean, Carlos Tello, PhD Jonathan Ritter, PharmD, PhD Puya Yazdi, MDCarlos Tello, PhD. However, those with medical conditions should first consult with their doctor prior to using the program. Gaoxiong.Yi Xue.Ke.Xue.Za Zhi 1995;11(10):582-588. The site is secure. (Nutrition: The Art of Good Eating, Seattle, WA), Download the National Kidney FoundationsFact Sheet:Kidney-Friendly Superfoods: Herbs. Follow the directions on the supplement packaging. Community Dent.Oral Epidemiol 1977;5(6):284-286. The olive leaf was first used medicinally in Ancient Egypt, where it served as a symbol of heavenly power. View abstract. Chemical Composition, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Betel Leaves The use of betel leaf is not common in the United States; however, practitioners should be cognizant of the use of complementary and alternative medications like betel leaf and incorporate this knowledge in patient evaluation. Here, you can discover healthy herbal remedies, tea recipes, and more. Arecanut: India's popular masticatory--history, chemistry and utilization. Betel nut might increase the amount of a chemical in the brain. BMC Public Health. View abstract. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies These nutrients are potent antioxidants and are of great use to patients Some medications used for depression also increase serotonin. Kidney Stones Cancers | Free Full-Text | Cancer Disparities among Pacific Li DF, Xu ZL, Yao J. Betel Nut Chewing Increases the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study Category: Original Investigation. If these cells are damaged, that leads to the early stages of a serious condition known as atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Betel Nut Chewing Is Associated with the Risk of Kidney Stone Disease. WebHemorrhoids are a fairly common disease, affecting the quality of life of patients. View abstract. Nair, U. J., Nair, J., Friesen, M. D., Bartsch, H., and Ohshima, H. Ortho- and meta-tyrosine formation from phenylalanine in human saliva as a marker of hydroxyl radical generation during betel quid chewing. View abstract. Helps in If youve found this article useful, please let me know by clicking the, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11025144/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097121/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27585814/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256274/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22303583/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25310585/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22760215/, Vitamin K & D and Their Role in Cardiovascular & Kidney Disease, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease & Renal Disease, Chinese Rhubarb, Kidney Disease & Diabetes, Senescent Cells, Their Role in Kidney Disease & How to Manage Them, Parsley & Its Use in Kidney Related Disorders. ground bay leaf Each Capsule Contains/ Chaque Capsule Contient: TMC Potential use of betel leaves for headache . Betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. Carcinogenesis 1995;16(5):1195-1198. Bangladesh J Neuro 1988;4(2):46-51. This excruciating condition occurs when a small speck of calcium forms in the kidney or the ureter and more minerals stick to it to form a tiny stone that many patients describe as so terrible, its more agonizing than giving birth. Betel nut products and preparations Taking betel nut with these medications might increase the chance of side effects. However, the association between betel-nut chewing and risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. Tuberous sclerosis View abstract. However, there is a paucity of literature that explores these themes comprehensively for the indigenous people within Micronesia. Betel Nut interacts with 226 drugs. Being such a good diuretic, it helps to treat water retention in the body. Top Benefits, Uses & Side Effects Chou CY, Cheng SY, Liu JH, Cheng WC, Kang IM, Tseng YH, Shih CM, Chen W. Public Health Nutr. J Pers Med. Sheikh, M. Y., Rizvi, I. H., and Ahmed, I. Oesophageal carcinoma caused by betel nut. If youve found this article useful, please let me know by clicking the SHARE button below and head over to our Facebook page if youve got any questions or comments. 2018 Oct 25;13(10):e0206383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258489. Betel leaf lowers your cholesterol and protects your heart. Do betel quid and areca nut chewing deteriorate prognosis of oral cancer? I know many patients with kidney disease pretty love the good taste of parsley, which is native to the central Mediterranean region and now widely cultivated as a vegetable or a herb, so they must want to know can people with kidney disease eat parsley. It was used to treat diarrhea, arthritis, Top with a drizzle of honey. Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. Because betel leaves can help in removing toxins from the body, they support healthy pH levels and can increase appetite. Betel nut is a herb that is found throughout our country. Lin WY, Pi-Sunyer FX, Liu CS, Li TC, Li CI, Huang CY, Lin CC. (red betel) leaves have been used to heal many diseases, especially to increase endurance. ground cloves As more research into the actions of Nettle leaf has been conducted, we now know that Nettle leaf has a powerful antioxidant activity. This could cause serious side effects including heart problems, shivering, and anxiety. Yang L, Dang W, Yu X, He Y, Shi C, Yi J, Gao L, Li S, Zhou T, Ma Y. Int J Gen Med. They are continually monitored by our internal peer-review process and if we see anyone making material science errors, we dont let them write for us again. However, certain foods can cause kidney stones and keep these organs from functioning optimally. Cumulative Betel Quid Chewing and the Risk of Significant Liver Fibrosis in Subjects With and Without Metabolic Syndrome. Because of the delicate matter, some patients seek home remedies for hemorrhoids. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(5):1229-1235. Benefits Of Betel Leaf For Diabetes, Cough, Cold And More - chikitsa How to treat hemorrhoids at home with betel leaves is mentioned as a folk BETEL LEAF It is sometimes used to make medicine. Betel leaf has benefit to treat urinary problem including scanty or obstructed urination. For those who are taking blood pressure-lowering medications please be aware that drinking Nettle leaf tea may have an additive effect so care may need to be taken and I would recommend monitoring your blood pressure when starting on Nettle leaf. How to treat hemorrhoids at home with betel leaves is mentioned as a folk Betel nut chewing associated with increased risk of arterial stiffness. WebIt is well appreciated that the social determinants of health are intimately related with health outcomes. or Nettle leaf. Chang CK, Lee JI, Chang CF, Lee YC, Jhan JH, Wang HS, Shen JT, Tsao YH, Huang SP, Geng JH. 1. Purpose: Betel nut contains chemicals that can affect the brain and heart. 2003;12(6):406-408. They also contain iron, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. The first being that we wouldnt recommend ANYTHING that was dangerous for people with CKD. Front Nutr 2022;9:765206. And heres the thing, I searched for evidence showing that Nettle is risky for people with kidney disease (as certain websites state) and I couldnt find it anywhere. PDF | (1) Background: Betel nut chewing injures bodily health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. View abstract. If you are a calcium oxalate stone former, talk with your doctor or kidney dietitian about the need to limit oxalates. View abstract. 2012 Aug;16(4):1267-73 Clinically Significant Bradycardia and Hypotension Following Ann.Emerg.Med 1999;34(2):238-243. Hung CC, Lee CH, Ko AM, Lane HY, Lee CP, Ko YC. As the View abstract. Each Capsule Contains/ Chaque Capsule Contient: TMC Chu, N. S. Cardiovascular responses to betel chewing. Also, Nettle has compounds that may act as calcium channel blockers, which relax your heart by reducing the force of contractions, resulting in lowering blood pressure. Parsley has erect stems, green leaves and tiny flowers. 8600 Rockville Pike Betel nut chewing could significantly increase the risk of CKD, indicating that betel nut chewing may exist as an independent risk factor for CKD. Stinging nettle has a high amount of potassium. Pediatrics 2006;117(1):e129-e131. Studies have found that chewing betel leaf is an ancient traditional remedy used for treating gastric ulcers. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Betel Betel nut might decrease the effects of drying medications. Many test-tube studies demonstrate that compounds in olive oil can fight cancer cells . S.Afr.Med J 1993;83(6):425-429. Am J Epidemiol. One study showed that olive leaf extract killed nearly all of the bacteria and fungi that were tested, including candida , dermatophytes and Escherichia coli.3 The latter is better known as E. coli, a bacteria that can lead to severe intestinal problems. J Med Assoc Thai. MMP can dissolve the substances that bind cells together, leaving the lining of blood vessels at risk for the accumulation of dangerous plaque.10, Another contributing factor to the development of hardening of the arteries is the accumulation of LDL cholesterol, more commonly referred to as bad cholesterol. 5. How you cook your leafy greens can make a difference in the amount of potassium and other nutrients. So, eating foods rich in oxalate like beetroot can deliver a high risk of having kidney stones. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2006;58(6):835-837. Leafy greens are rich in potassium, which you may need to watch with kidney disease. WebBetel leaf or paan has high water content and low calories. In Italy, people reach for a tincture of olive leaves to reduce fever, and in several countries, olive leaf extract has been used to treat malaria. This will allow the patient to later pass the smaller pieces through their urine. Its thought that oleuropeins phenolic structure produces an antibacterial effect by damaging the bacterial membrane and/or disrupting cell peptidoglycans. Chitra, S., Ashok, L., Anand, L., Srinivasan, V., and Jayanthi, V. Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Coimbatore, southern India: a hospital-based case-control study. 8600 Rockville Pike Chiang, W. T., Yang, C. C., Deng, J. F., and Bullard, M. Cardiac arrhythmia and betel nut chewing--is there a causal effect? Early research suggests that chewing betel nut might reduce symptoms in some people with schizophrenia. Is Parsley Good For Kidneys Leafy Green Vegetables | National Kidney Foundation MeSH 1 Further studies on animals and humans are required to check the effect of betel leaves on headaches. View abstract. 2 Tbsp. Taylor, R. F., al-Jarad, N., John, L. M., Conroy, D. M., and Barnes, N. C. Betel-nut chewing and asthma. This program is not recommended for pregnant women nursing mothers, or those who are younger than 18 years old. Journal of Dietary Supplements (J DIET SUPPL) 2008;5(3):305-309. View abstract. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177:174-8. View abstract. 2018 Jun;50(6):1097-1104. doi: 10.1007/s11255-018-1819-8. Med J Aust. 2004;23(1):19-21. PMC The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)/Transplant 1-1/2 tsp. Your support helps families facing kidney, Beef, chicken, green beans, cabbage, carrots, peas, dips, Beef, chicken, pork, green beans, cauliflower, eggplant, Chicken, pork, cauliflower, peas, marinades, risotto, Beef, chicken, pork, fish, green beans, beets, carrots, Fish, asparagus, beets, cabbage, cauliflower, marinades, They give flavor to food without the addition of salt, Herbs can be purchased dry or fresh and are budget friendly, You can easily grow them in a pot indoors or in your garden, There are many varieties of herbs which can be purchased as a single herb or as part of a blend, Daily Home and Nocturnal Hemodialysis/Peritoneal Dialysis. 1 tsp. View abstract. WebAlso banned are qat leaf, betel leaf or nuts, niswar, gutkha. If you have chronic kidney disease then beet juice isnt good news for you. Int Urol Nephrol 2018;50(6):1097-1104. Results: Its leaves and stems have been Detrimental association between betel nut chewing and colorectal polyps in adult populations. In one specific study, Nettle leaf actually dissolved calcium oxalate kidney stones in rats, supporting previous reports that it may be beneficial for the treatment of kidney and urinary tract disorders. To investigate and quantify the potential association between betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, olive leaf extract has been shown to have antibacterial activity against: Research shows that olive leaf has strong antimicrobial properties, which may help to boost immune health. A large number of Americans are thought to suffer from chronic Kidney Disease. The vegetable boasts folic acid and fibre and cleanses the kidneys as well as strengthens it. It can be used in alleviating pain caused due to cuts, bruises, rashes. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal eCollection 2022. Several studies have connected betel nut use with chronic kidney disease. Dried, powdered olive leaf extract capsules serve up therapeutic doses of some of the compounds found in olive oil in a form thats virtually calorie-free. increase in heart rate, blood pressure, sweating and body temperature 1. oral precancerous lesions, including erythroplakia and leukoplakia 8. oral cancers (predominantly of the lip, mouth, tongue, and pharynx) 1,12. An official website of the United States government. Leafy greens are also called leaf vegetables, salad greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens. This article is going to be discussing Nettle leaf which is the form of stinging nettle shown to have benefits in kidney disease. Its bioactive compounds are not only antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, but they can lower blood pressure, improve blood glucose levels, reduce cholesterol levels, and improve lipid ratios, says integrative neurologistIlene Ruhoy, M.D., Ph.D. These actions are powerfully cardioprotective and can reduce the risk of diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke.. Tsai, J. F., Chuang, L. Y., Jeng, J. E., Ho, M. S., Hsieh, M. Y., Lin, Z. Y., and Wang, L. Y. Betel quid chewing as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Also Check: Stage 3 Kidney Disease In Cats Symptoms. Some drying medications can also affect the brain and heart. Take a betel leaf (or shiso, spinach or other flat leaf if substituting) in your hand and wrap up into a cone shape. Przegl.Lek. Int J Obes. 6. Betel Nut Chewing Is Associated with the Risk of Kidney Stone Disease. View abstract. Fendell, L. D. and Smith, J. R. Betel-nut-associated cancer: report of case. J Hist Med 1984;39:65-68. Betel View abstract. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1018. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Spoon in a small amount of each ingredient into the cone. 26 View 1 excerpt, references background Chewing areca nut as an independent risk factor for proteinuria in Dark leafy greens such as salad greens, kale, and spinach are rich in vitamins A, C, E and K. Bok choy and mustard greens are also rich in many of the B-vitamins. Mannan MA. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(1):70-78. Oleuropein can boost the health of affected tissue.7, Gout, which is another painful form of arthritis, results from an excessive accumulation of uric acid crystals in a particular joint. Hu Y, Zhong R, Li H, Zou Y. Hi Ramya,Please let us know by consumption of Giloy leaves is it helpful for Gout patients by reducing Uric Acid level.Also plz let us know what happens if we consume other creepers which has red stem. View abstract. Eur J Gynaecol.Oncol 1990;11(1):57-59. J Formos.Med Assoc 1995;94(3):106-110. betel Some of these medications used for depression include phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), and others. Talonu, N. T. Observations on betel-nut use, habituation, addiction and carcinogenesis in Papua New Guineans. In multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, betel-nut use was independently associated with CKD (P < 0.001). This study found that nettle extract protected the animals from alterations in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine and when sections of their kidneys were examined, the group treated with Nettle showed almost normal kidney tissue compared to the group given gentamicin alone. Nagesh R, Kiran Kumar KM, Naveen Kumar M, Patil RH, Sharma SC. 2022 Nov 14;15:8183-8190. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S386539. van Wyk, C. W., Stander, I., Padayachee, A., and Grobler-Rabie, A. F. The areca nut chewing habit and oral squamous cell carcinoma in South African Indians. Effect of antidepressants for cessation therapy in betel-quid use disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. By increasing diuresis, the removal of metabolic products and toxins from the body may also be increased, alleviating the excess load on the kidneys. They occur when calcium in the urine combines with the mineral phosphorus,says WebMD. Olive Leaf Extract For Chronic Kidney Disease. View abstract. Agents that cause ulcer damage the inner lining of the So why do we recommend people with CKD use Nettle leaf? Contact Dermatitis. Doctors can break down the stones either by using sound waves, or inserting a tube with a camera through the urethra and using tools. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at, Why Olive Leaf Extract is good for your health, 3 things you didnt know about Olive Leaf Extract. If you experience a prolonged headache or unbearable pain, View abstract. View abstract. Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of blood flow to the kidneys and is associated with a strong inflammatory and oxidative stress response causing severe injury to the kidneys. [Clinical study on the relationship between tooth abrasion and the habits of chewing betel nut]. Cancers | Free Full-Text | Cancer Disparities among Pacific Oral Dis 2022. Betel Quid Dependence Effects on Working Memory and Remote Memory in Chewers with Concurrent Use of Cigarette and Alcohol. It is unknown how this herb affects kidney function. 2022 Feb 28;14(5):1018. doi: 10.3390/nu14051018. 1998;40(5):287-289. Betel nut chewing is strongly associated with general and central obesity in Chinese male middle-aged adults. Some can be too big, which can block the flow of urine. Lee, C. N., Jayanthi, V., McDonald, B., Probert, C. S., and Mayberry, J. F. Betel nut and smoking. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This article is going to be discussing Nettle leaf which is the form of stinging nettle shown to have benefits in kidney disease. This, in turn, may help provide protection against serious cardiovascular problems. These types of dialysis can remove more potassium, so you may need to eat more potassium rich foods. After all, we are all responsible for our own health and wellbeing and part of that includes asking questions and making decisions about what we are putting into our body- from food, to medications, to supplements. We retrospectively reviewed health-check records of 3264 men in a hospital-based cross-sectional screening programme from 2003 to 2006. Yes, betel leaves help to a great extent in the treatment of a cold. Am J Clin Nutr 1975;28(12):1458-1463. (Lond) 2006;30(2):359-363. Eur J Cancer. However, the studies should not be interpreted as supportive of any health benefit. The second answer is there is NO EVIDENCE that Nettle leaf is dangerous for people with CKD and in fact, the opposite is actually true- Nettle leaf can be beneficial for people with CKD. Yen, A. M., Chiu, Y. H., Chen, L. S., Wu, H. M., Huang, C. C., Boucher, B. J., and Chen, T. H. A population-based study of the association between betel-quid chewing and the metabolic syndrome in men. J Nerv.Ment.Dis. Yin, X. M., Peng, J. Y., and Gao, Y. J. An important feature of olive leaf Candida infections, meningitis, pneumonia, chronic fatigue, hepatitis B, malaria, herpes, shingles and ability to fight infections such as tuberculosis. Kidney Disease Diabetes Care 2006;29(7):1714. PLoS One. Read Also: Why Do People Need Kidney Transplants. Also Check: Is Shrimp Good For Kidney Disease. For The Treatment Of Cold. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2003;28(2):171-173. Chen, G. S. and Chen, C. H. [A statistical analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma]. Purpose To investigate and quantify the potential association between betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2020;112(2):158. BETEL NUT - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD betel leaf Betel leaf juice provides relief from internal pains in the body. One of the amazing things about the internet is that there is so much information right at our fingertips. Download the National Kidney FoundationsFact Sheet:Kidney-Friendly Superfoods:Leafy Greens. eCollection 2021. 2006;63(10):882-886. Increased waist size and weight in relation to consumption of Areca catechu (betel-nut); a risk factor for increased glycaemia in Asians in east London. Betel Leaves Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Papua New Guinea Med J 1988;31:229-233. In fact, olive leaves and their extracts have long been used throughout the Mediterranean to combat painful, inflamed joints1, and arthritis. Below is a summary of the existing animal and cell-based research, which should guide further investigational efforts. In a different study, 150 plant extracts, including olive leaf extract, were analyzed for antiviral activity. Wei YT, Chou YT, Yang YC, Chou CY, Lu FH, Chang CJ, Wu JS. It will teach you everything you need to learn about kidneys and the way to treat kidney disease. Yen, A. M., Chen, L. S., Chiu, Y. H., Boucher, B. J., and Chen, T. H. A prospective community-population-registry based cohort study of the association between betel-quid chewing and cardiovascular disease in men in Taiwan (KCIS no.
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