The 1920 Montgomery Ward mail order catalog showed the price of. Wages shown in 1931 US dollars. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs, clothing, and other necessities in Hungary. Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. Source: BLS Bulletins. Eventually, his sons and grandsons also worked in the mines. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FOOD Police department personnel salaries and wages. Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. Includes a table showing. Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. The Miners' Strike of 1984 was a turning point in British history. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. Prices on pp. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Source: Women's Bureau Bulletin #25. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. Recognizable name brand items in the price lists include Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Quaker Oats, Cream of Wheat, Hershey's Cocoa, Aunt Jemima Pancake Flour, Mazola Oil, Wesson Oil, Coleman's Mustard, Post Toasties, Morton's Salt, Knox Gelatin, Sun Maid Raisins, Palmolive soap, Log Cabin syrup, Del Monte canned goods, Heinz ketchup, Gold Medal flour, Carnation Milk, Life Savers candy, Bon Ami scouring powder, Lucky Strike cigarettes, Camel cigarettes, Scott Tissue toilet paper, and many other brand name items. The US Coal Industry in the Nineteenth Century Regardless of what their state government might or might not do to protect them, the miners of West Virginia had to rely on themselves and their buddies, rather than on company fire bosses and state mine inspectors, whose numbers were few and whose visits were infrequent. Processing plants called breaker buildings were symbols of pride for mine communities. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. Source: BLS, Shows prices of dozens of food and grocery items, soap, coal, wood by the cord, matches by the box and, Shows the amount spent by a typical Canadian family on food, laundry, fuel/lighting, and rent over time. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Hourly employees were bound to the ten-hour day, but the coal loaders, or tonnage men, often worked fewer hours and sometimes exercised the right to leave the mine without permission. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Discussion covers the history of minimum wage legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, France, Norway, Argentina, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Hungary, Poland, Italy, and Rumania (Romania) up to 1928. A Latvian immigrant and devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Old Believers, Michael Simon wore this cross as he labored in Pennsylvania coal mines. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board using foreign government sources. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. Mr. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. Tools and hardware: Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. Coal Mine Worker Hourly Pay | PayScale Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Total Pay. BookTok is Good, Actually: On the Undersung Joys of a Vast and Multifarious Platform, Seven Crime Novels Centered Around Musicians Out in 2023, Arlington Road: The Conspiracy Thriller That Foresaw the Spread of Far-Right Extremism in America, If you want to laugh, watch this Mitchell and Webb sketch about inviting Shaggy and Scooby Doo to a party, Uncrackable: 5 Films Featuring Devilishly Difficult Heists. Read more Employment in coal mining industry in the United Kingdom (UK) 1920-2021 . Coal operators often provided services like company stores. Source: Lists prices of typical food items, housing expenses, clothing, fuel, light and more. This was the world Frank Keeney entered as a boy. by OCCUPATION This risk increased enormously when inexperienced miners failed to undercut the coal before blasting and took the risk of shooting on the solid.. After checking in, they climbed up a steep trail from the office to the portal of a mine. These were the underground attitudes Frank Keeney absorbed as he entered manhood as a coal miner. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. Source: BLS. He also absorbed the habits and traditions that gave pick and shovel miners a remarkable degree of freedom. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. In 1928, halfof all families had a combined family income of $2000 or less. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. The pit closures the miners had fought so hard to prevent began in earnest. Link navigates to a record containing multiple years worth of this publication. Keep your hand upon the dollar, Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. Shows average public employee pay for each state. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. The strongest, most efficient men earned the most money at the end of the day. For example, a dollar earned in 2020 had the same buying power as 7 in 1928. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. 467. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of day laborers, farm hands, clerks, bookkeepers, government employees, and army members in Lithuania. Source: Hotel rates can often be found within the advertisements throughout the pages of the. See also "C" tab above for carpenters, cement workers, etc. Wages are shown in Finnish marks. Living room: Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930), Shows the average wages of multiple occupation in the mining industry. Shows the average daily wages of various occupations in Athens and Piraeus. Source: BLS. Managers liked immigrants because they worked for low wages. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages for various occupations in 6 different industries in Japan. Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Swiss farming as well as the daily wages of day laborers. The survey covered 114 different cotton mills in 12 different state, and generally divides tables by occupation, sex, and year or occupation, sex, and state. Wages are shown in both contemporary Yen and US dollars. Discusses doctor and hospital fees as well as related expenses such as home nursing care. Every three or four hundred feet, passageways were cut, creating narrower, corridor-like rooms that led to a coal face where each miner and his buddy worked in their own room. The colliers left large pillars of coal standing as they cut the face forward and sideways through breakthroughs that led to parallel rooms. Shows average wages by industry in both rubles and US currency. And your eye upon the scale! Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. This website does a good job of organizing a complex topic. Boys frequently were assigned the most-dangerous jobs. Retreat mining was a risky business, but at least the miners engineered these cave-ins. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. The average hourly pay for a Coal Mine Worker is $21.49. Every workday a panel of miners, ranging from fourteen to twenty-eight men, passed through a main entry and then turneddown a side entry. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Shows the average daily wages of workers in various industries in Riga as well as other parts of Latvia. Shows the wages of Japanese mining workers by gender and age. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: BLS. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. Fixtures, chamberpots, bathroom soaps, towels, toilet paper. "The sum of $4,000 will buy only a very modest home and even then it will have to be in one of the smaller citiesor in a remote suburb of a large city." The industry has been in slow decline ever since, compounded along the way by the rise of steam engines, mechanized extraction methods, and competition from oil and natural gas, and now renewable energy. In West Virginia, where mineswere cut near the mountaintops, the overburden was looser and more prone to collapse than in the deeper shaft mines of the North. Source: American Druggist, January 1923 issue. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930). Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. Source: the Historian of the U.S. But Appalachian coal production peaked in 1918. 525. The following two tables shows the average daily earnings of industrial and building workers by occupation as well as in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Ural mountain region. Describes the labor policy of New Zealand in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Bonus. Wages are shown in Mexican pesos. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Pennsylvania's investment in anthracite iron paid dividends for the industrial economy of the state and proved that coal could be adapted to a number of industrial pursuits. Also shows average family size in each state. $32k - $76k. Source: Median wages for butlers, chauffeurs, gardeners, furnace men and "house men" employed to work in private households in Philadelphia in the late 1920s. Lists single-unit prices for barbital, benzoyl peroxide, benzocaine, aspirin, quinoline, and more, showing proprietary and coined drug names. Wages are listed in Mexican currency with exchange rate for calculating amounts in U.S. dollars. Board a ship to cross the wave; Source: BLS Bulletin no. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. Source: Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. In 1900 almost 2 percent of Americans were coal miners. Shows weekly wages for male and female workers in common industries such as textile manufacture and mining, and also more uncommon like ice cream manufacture and hospitality services. Wages are shown in Belgian francs. TRANSPORTATION Between 12th and 14th Streets All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. At dawn, the workers reported to the payroll clerk in the company office, where they were handed numbered brass checks to attach to each coal car they loaded. Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. $30.30. But on some weeks, a miner might work only two or three days because the railroad failed to supply enough coal cars, or because the mine needed repairs. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1927, Shows the average daily wages for 14 different occupations in the Florence district. Table 41 in this source shows the average salary for all teachers in elementary and secondary schools in New York state, not including NYC. Wages are shown in German marks. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. Includes many brand names. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of manual work occupations in Barcelona, Spain. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Shows the average daily wages paid to masons, electricians, bricklayers, bakers, blacksmiths and more. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. On one hand, the miners discipline and death-defying courage made them ideal industrial soldiers; on the other hand, the qualities the men forged in underground combat with the elementsbravery, fraternal fealty, and group solidarityhardened them for aboveground combat with their employers. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. Coal Miners - West Virginia Source: BLS. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Shows the daily cost of food, heat, and light for a working family of 4 following independence. Source: Source: BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1931 edition. Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in IA, MN, ND, ID, OH, KY, NC and TX. Shows the daily wages for 11 different occupations in Parahyba, Brazil. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. 294-295. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. Shows by county the price of undeveloped land, plow land and farm land. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of workers in the glass factories of northern France. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Wages shown in litas, and US dollars in parentheses. 664. For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. For best detail, see the full chapters on. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Dresses, dresses (in color), coats, bonnets and coats, hats, shoes, girl's toys. Must use "search in this text" feature to navigate. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. Appalachias traditionally small, locally owned mines started merging with larger energy firms in the 1960s, and by 1970 bituminous coal employment had dropped to 140,000 people from its 1923 peak of 740,000. Source: BLS. How Thatcher broke the miners' strike but at what cost? Source: BLS, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES These figures are shown by occupation, sex, and region. Compares wage rates and hours of work for the WWI and WWII eras, focusing specifically on the manufacturing, mining, railroad, printing and maritime industries, as well as farm labor wages. See p. 193 of this. In 1907, West Virginia appointed John Nugent as superintendent of immigration. There is also a table showing, Shows the value of multiple currencies in US dollars in the years of. Wages are shown in French francs. Still he ventures to be brave. After workers had advanced the mine face to the end of the seam, veterans began the dangerous work of removing the massive coal pillars that stood between the rooms and helped support the mine top. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Heed no operators tale! Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Wages are shown in Italian lire. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. 45-57. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. Click "more" for direct links to wages in each occupation. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. Taking a mine car out of turnconstituted another grave offense. Coal mine owners and superintendents rarely went underground. 1920, Wages by occupation - Manchuria, 1920-1921, Daily and monthly wage earnings - Soviet Union, 1926-1927, Average yearly wages in the Soviet Union, 1929-1932, salaries paid school teachers throughout Russia, seldom exceed 12 rubles per month in late 1923, Agricultural wages - Switzerland in 1914, 1921, 1930, Earnings and prices - Switzerland, 1920-1921, Wages in Great Britain, France and Germany (with addendum for Switzerland), Minimum wage legislation in various countries, Comparative wage rates in the U.S. and in foreign countries, 1927, Wages paid on steamships by country and occupation, 1922, wages paid to Chinese and Lascar (Indian or southeast Asian) employees, Farm family incomes in Wake County, North Carolina - 1926, Foods - Average retail prices over time, 1923-36, Foods - Average retail prices across 39 cities, 1920-1928, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, Food price averages for each year from 1890-1970, Cigarette, cigar and rolling papers - Los Angeles, 1921, Farm houses in Iowa - Value and size, 1923, Sears homes with costs to build, 1908-1939, Cost of materials to build a Sears home, ca.
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